Hi Tim,
Yes, you can configure the shipping rules as the way you want.
All you need to do is set geolocation filters for shipping rules. Like, rule1 for Canada with the desired price you want and the rule2 for the U.S.A. with free shipping (0 amount) and then if the user is of Canada, rule1 will be applied and if he's from the U.S.A. rule2 will be applied.
Note: In the "Global Configuration > Shipment tab > No, use defined shipping rules" must be set.
Thankyou
-Team Sellacious